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Agglomeration

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Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

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Ancillary activities

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Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service.

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Backwash effects

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The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region.

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Break-bulk point

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A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets.

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Brick-and-mortar businesses

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Traditional businesses with actual stores in which trade or retail occurs; they do not exist solely on the internet.

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Bulk-gaining industries

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Industries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.

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Bulk-reducing industries

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Industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials.

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Commodity dependence

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When peripheral economies rely too heavily on the export of raw materials, which places them on unequal terms of exchange with more-developed countries that export higher-value goods.

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Conglomerate corporation

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A firm comprising many smaller firms that serve several different functions.

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Core

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National or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology, is concentrated.