Chapter 8 Test Cell Biology Concepts and Functions

A scientist tested the effect of four different chemicals on plant cells. The table shows the results of the experiment. Which chemical had an effect on the plant cell's ribosomes? 

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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A student made this diagram to show the offspring of two different crosses of pea plants. Which best explains the difference between the offspring of the two crosses?

• These crosses were between entirely different kinds of plants.

• The color of the offspring is a completely random occurrence.

• The traits like flower color differ because of differences in genes inherited from parent flowers.

• 
  There are two different environments in which the offspring in these examples grow, resulting in a different color.

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Which statements describe functions of plant cell parts? Choose all correct answers. 

• The cell membrane surrounds the plant cell's cytoplasm. 

• The plant cell vacuole stores substances like water and starch.

• The plant cell cytoplasm determines what substances enter or leave the cell.

• The cell wall helps maintain the cell's shape and protects the cell from viruses.

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Animal cells are filled with a gel-like substance of salts and other molecules called the

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• cytoplasm

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This substance is surrounded by the ___________________, which also helps to control what substances enter and leave the cell.

• cell wall
• cell membrane
• nucleus
• cytoplasm

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Which statement does NOT correctly describe a relationship between genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits?

• Genes determine inherited traits.

• Genes are sections of chromosomes.

• Several chromosomes make up an inherited trait.

• Each chromosome contains more than one gene.

Which best describes the function of the Structure labeled P?

• provides support and protection

• site of protein production

• directs cell activity

• stores water and food

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which describes the relationship between this structure and inherited traits?

• It makes genes which are passed to offspring.

• It produces the proteins that generate inherited traits.

• It releases genes as needed to develop traits in offspring.

• It contains many genes which carry information about genetic traits.

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Which best describes a function of genes?

• They form the chromosomes that make up inherited traits.

• They express a trait and are then converted to chromosomes.

• They gather information about an organism’s environment to determine its traits.

• They carry genetic information about specific inherited traits from parent to offspring.

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A biologist recorded data about some of the inherited traits of fruit flies in the table. Fruit flies have four pairs of chromosomes, numbered 1-4. Which best explains why some chromosomes are listed more than once on this table?

• Chromosomes can switch what traits they code for.

• Chromosomes form different combinations to code for different traits

• Each trait is determined by a gene, and there are several genes on a single chromosome.

• Each trait is determined by a full chromosome, but at different points in development.

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