OB CHP 2 PERCEPTION & LEARNING

What is perception?

• A process of absorbing all sensory stimuli without any filtering

• The cognitive process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

• A biological mechanism that improves reaction time

• A method for increasing physical reflexes

Which of the following influences perception?

• Past experiences

• Cultural background

• Emotional state

• All of the above

The first stage in the process of perception is:

• Interpretation

• Selection

• Organization

• Response

Which theory of learning emphasizes observable behaviors rather than internal mental states?

• Cognitive Theory

• Behavioral Theory

• Humanistic Theory

• Social Learning Theory

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes a response is called:

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Neutral Stimulus

• Reinforcement Stimulus

Which of the following is a key factor affecting perceptual selectivity?

• Proximity

• Motives and needs

• Temporal spacing

• Cognitive dissonance

Social learning theory was proposed by:

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

• Jean Piaget

In operant conditioning, which reinforcement schedule is based on a variable amount of time?

• Fixed Ratio

• Variable Interval

• Fixed Interval

• Variable Ratio

Selective perception occurs when individuals:

• Interpret all stimuli accurately

• Ignore all negative stimuli

• Perceive what they want to perceive

• Overanalyze sensory input

The process of arranging stimuli into meaningful patterns is called:

• Perceptual defense

• Sensory adaptation

• Perceptual organization

• Selective retention