GSE SB2a DNA: Structure and Function

What is the primary function of DNA in the cell?

• To store genetic information

• To transport proteins

• To provide energy for the cell

• To catalyze chemical reactions

Tags

GA.SB2.a

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

Tags

GA.SB2.a

Explain how the structure of DNA allows it to be replicated.

• The double helix structure allows for easy separation of strands.

• The single-stranded nature allows for easy copying.

• The circular structure allows for continuous replication.

• The linear structure prevents replication errors.

Tags

GA.SB2.a

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It serves as a template for assembling proteins.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

Tags

GA.SB2.a

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

Tags

GA.SB2.a

Describe the process of translation in protein synthesis.

• mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

• tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein.

• DNA is replicated to form two identical copies.

• RNA is converted back into DNA.

Tags

GA.SB2.a

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

• A protein that binds to DNA

• A type of RNA that carries amino acids

• A mutation in the DNA sequence

Tags

GA.SB2.a

How does a mutation in the DNA sequence affect protein synthesis?

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

• It can change the amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially altering its function.

• It has no effect on the protein produced.

• It only affects the replication process.

Tags

GA.SB2.a

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

• To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome

• To bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly

• To form the structure of the ribosome

• To unwind the DNA double helix

Tags

GA.SB2.a

Explain the significance of the anti-codon in tRNA.

• It helps tRNA bind to the correct amino acid.

• It ensures that tRNA binds to the correct codon on mRNA.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

• It initiates the replication process.

Tags

GA.SB2.a