Psychology - Approaches to understanding the brain

What is the scientific study of human mental states and behavior called?

• Psychology
• Sociology
• Neurology
• Anthropology
• Philosophy

Answer explanation

Psychology is the scientific study of human mental states and behavior.

Who is considered the father of modern psychology?

• Wilhelm Wundt
• Sigmund Freud
• Franz Gall
• Aristotle
• Descartes

Answer explanation

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological science laboratory in 1879.

Which ancient civilization believed the heart was the center of human psychology and wisdom?

• Ancient Egyptians
• Ancient Greeks
• Ancient Chinese
• Ancient Romans
• Ancient Indians

Answer explanation

The Egyptians preserved the heart and considered it the source of personality and logic.

What was the brain versus heart debate about?

• Whether the brain or heart controlled mental processes
• Whether emotions or logic are more important
• The difference between physical and mental processes
• The importance of brain size in intelligence
• The role of the soul in psychology

Answer explanation

This debate questioned whether the brain or heart was responsible for thoughts, emotions, and behavior.

What did phrenologists believe?

• The shape and size of the skull determined personality and mental functioning
• The heart controlled emotions
• The brain was the center of thought
• Mental processes were influenced by unconscious desires
• The body and mind are separate

Answer explanation

Phrenologists believed that bumps and grooves in the skull could indicate mental traits.

What was Franz Gall’s contribution to psychology?

• He developed phrenology
• He founded modern psychology
• He studied unconscious desires
• He developed the first brain imaging technology
• He discovered the first neurotransmitter

Answer explanation

Franz Gall proposed that different areas of the brain controlled specific mental functions.

What does the mind-body problem question?

• Whether the mind and body are separate or one entity
• Whether thoughts can influence emotions
• The relationship between the heart and brain
• The connection between personality and skull shape
• Whether psychology is a science

Answer explanation

The mind-body problem explores whether the mind is separate from the body or an integrated entity.

What is dualism?

• The belief that the mind and body are separate
• The belief that personality is shaped by the skull
• The belief that the brain controls thought and behavior
• The idea that emotions are controlled by the heart
• The study of human behavior over time

Answer explanation

Dualism is the belief that the mind and body are separate entities.

What is monism?

• The belief that the mind and body are a single entity
• The idea that the heart controls emotions
• The belief that personality is determined by skull shape
• The concept that psychology is not a science
• The idea that emotions are separate from thoughts

Answer explanation

Monism suggests that the mind and body are not separate but form a singular entity.

What was a key contribution of phrenology to modern psychology?

• The idea that different brain areas control different functions
• That personality is shaped by skull bumps
• That brain function is based on blood circulation
• That the heart is the center of thought
• That behavior is controlled by external forces

Answer explanation

Although phrenology was discredited, it introduced the concept of brain localization.