PSYC 210 Exam 2 S25

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Aniya converts her raw score on a memory scale to a z score and finds that her score corresponds to a z score of -0.90. She knows her score is below the mean. What percent of people scored lower than Aniya on the memory scale?

• 18.41%

• 50.00%

• 79.39%

• 29.39%

A _____ test makes assumptions about the population, whereas a _____ test does not.

• nonlinear; linear

• parametric; nonparametric

• nonparametric; parametric

• linear; nonlinear

Why is it important to check for violations of assumptions when hypothesis testing?

• It is a step in constructing graphical presentations of the data and will impact the type of graph used in summarizing the data.

• Specific assumptions must be violated before we can make inferences from the study sample to the overall population.

• We are making inferences about the population of interest that will be maximally valid if specific requirements are met.

• Results from data analyses are valid only when assumptions have been violated.

Social psychologist, Dr. Cozart, predicts that people with highly symmetric faces will be rated as more attractive than people with less symmetric facial features. Is this hypothesis one- or two-tailed?

• one-tailed, because it only indicates there will be a difference but not the direction

• two-tailed, because it indicates there will be a difference and the direction

• two-tailed, because it is directional

• one-tailed, because it is directional

The practice of revising or changing one's research hypotheses after knowing the data have been analyzed is known as:

• HARKing

• confirmation bias

• p-hacking

• data mining

Under what conditions is it permissible to proceed with a hypothesis test even though the assumption that the population distribution is approximately normal is violated?

• The data are not clearly continuous.

• The sample size is at least 30.

• We are cautious about generalizing the results.

• The data are not clearly nominal or ordinal.

One rejects the null hypothesis when the test statistic falls in which area of the distribution?

• critical region

• critical value

• probability region

• likelihood region

A confidence interval is a(n) that includes the population mean a certain percentage of the time if the same population is sampled from repeatedly.

• interval estimate
• point estimate

• hypothesis

• class interval

If the sample mean is 48.5, with an upper limit to the confidence interval of 53.29, what is the lower limit?

• 59.54

• 56.20

• 44.09

• 43.71

Cohen's d is one measure of:

• sample characteristics.

• clinical significance.

• statistical significance.

• effect size.