Cold War Key Concepts pt. 1

Winston Churchill coined this phrase in a speech on March 5, 1946 in Fulton, MO. The Iron Curtain separated the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West.
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent."

• Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech

• containment

• Marshall Plan

• Truman Doctrine

The attempt of one nation to block another nation from spreading its influence to other nations.
The United States attempts to stop the spread of communism during the Cold War era. Developed by U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan

• deterrence

• Truman Doctrine

• containment

• Marshall Plan

In 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic plan to rebuild Europe after WWII. The nations that accepted United States aid had to remove all trade barriers and agree to cooperate economically with each other.

• deterrence

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• brinkmanship

The United States gave Greece and Turkey over $400 million in aid to prevent the spread of communism in Europe. The U.S. pledged to fight communism worldwide.
After WWII, Great Britain attempted to send economic and military aid to save the Greek and Turkish governments to prevent Communist takeovers.

• Truman Doctrine

• deterrence

• brinkmanship

• Berlin Airlift

The threat of using atomic or nuclear weapons in retaliation of any attack. Fear of global destruction.
Also known as MAD-Mutually-assured destruction. Prevented World War III.

• deterrence

• brinkmanship

• Berlin Airlift

• NATO

A nation's willingness to go to the edge of total war to force the other side to back down.President Eisenhower threatened nuclear war to maintain world peace during a crisis.

• Warsaw pact

• brinkmanship

• NATO

• Berlin Airlift

In June, 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin from the rest of West Germany. The West responded by flying food and medicine to West Berliners.
Lasted from June, 1948 through May, 1949. Stalin lifted the blockade without war.

• Korean War

• Berlin Airlift

• Warsaw pact

• NATO

Created in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a military alliance between the U.S. and 11 western European nations
An attack on one is considered an attack on all. Formed out of fear of Soviet aggression and expansionism.

• NATO

• Korean War

• Warsaw pact

• the Second Red Scare

Created in 1955 in Warsaw, Poland, it was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellite nations. Formed after the U.S. and its allies allowed West Germany to rearm and join NATO.

• The Fair Deal

• Warsaw pact

• Korean War

• the Second Red Scare

Korean Peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel after WWII. USSR created a communist government in North Korea. U.S. created a democracy in South Korea. Backed by the USSR and China, North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. U.S. and the United Nations intervened. An armistice ended the fighting in 1953. Korea remains divided and volatile today.

• Korean War

• The Fair Deal

• the Second Red Scare

• Chinese Civil War