Chapter 23 Vocabulary Lesson

The ​ (a)   ruled over a vast empire, but his leadership was threatened by growing conflict. Within the city, different ​ (b)   argued about how the government should be run, each believing their way was best. Some people hoped that a ​ (c)   would bring order, but many leaders had become ​ (d)   , using their power for personal gain instead of helping the people.

• emperor
• factions
• politician
• corrupt

Beyond the empire’s borders, a ​ (a)   army gathered, ready to attack and take the city for themselves. The empire's ships, stationed in the ​ (b)   , prepared to defend against an invasion from the sea. In response to the growing danger, a wise leader called for ​ (c)   , hoping that changes to the government and military would make the empire strong once again.

• barbarian
• harbor
• reform
• desert

What does it mean to reform something?

• To make it better by changing it

• To destroy it and rebuild from scratch

• To keep it the same as it always was

• To get rid of something permanently

What does it mean if a leader is corrupt?

• They always tell the truth

• They use their power in a dishonest way

• They try to help as many people as possible

• They refuse to make any decisions

What are factions?

• Small cities that form their own country

• Rival groups that disagree within a larger group

• Leaders of an empire who work together

• Ships that protect the coast from invaders

In history, what did Romans often call a barbarian?

• A person from their own culture

• A person from an outside group seen as uncivilized

• A leader chosen by the people

• A teacher who spread new ideas