Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Psychoactive medications

• Interact with neurotransmitters to address biochemical causes of mental disorders.

• Are primarily used for physical ailments.

• Have no effect on mental health.

• Are only prescribed for severe mental illnesses.

Aversion therapies

• Reduces undesired behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus.

• Increases desired behavior by rewarding it with a pleasant stimulus.

• Eliminates behavior by ignoring it completely.

• Teaches new behaviors through modeling and imitation.

Rational emotive behavior therapy

• Restructures belief systems by challenging dysfunctional beliefs to promote rational behavior.

• Focuses solely on medication to treat emotional disorders.

• Encourages avoidance of negative thoughts and feelings.

• Emphasizes the importance of childhood experiences in shaping behavior.

Hypnosis

• Effective in treating pain and anxiety, but not for retrieving accurate memories or age regression.

• Always leads to accurate memory retrieval.

• Is only effective for age regression.

• Has no effect on pain or anxiety.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapies

• Psychotherapies are generally ineffective according to meta-analytic studies.

• Psychotherapies are generally effective according to meta-analytic studies.

• Psychotherapies are only effective for certain disorders.

• Psychotherapies have no basis in evidence-based interventions.

Psychosurgery

• A type of brain surgery used for mental disorders, rarely used today.

• A procedure to enhance cognitive abilities through brain implants.

• A surgical method to treat physical injuries to the brain.

• A form of therapy involving medication and counseling.

Therapeutic alliance

• A collaborative relationship between a patient and a therapist for therapy or treatment.

• A method of diagnosing mental health disorders.

• A type of medication used in therapy.

• A technique for improving communication skills.

Psychodynamic therapies

• Use free association and dream interpretation to uncover the unconscious mind.

• Focus on changing behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

• Emphasize the role of cognitive processes in understanding behavior.

• Utilize mindfulness and meditation techniques to promote self-awareness.

Tardive dyskinesia

• A movement disorder related to dopamine regulation in the nervous system.

• A type of anxiety disorder characterized by excessive worry.

• A neurological condition causing memory loss and confusion.

• A chronic pain condition affecting the joints.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

• A technique that uses sound waves to stimulate brain activity.

• A precise magnetic pulse directed to a specific brain area for treatment.

• A method of using electrical currents to enhance cognitive function.

• A form of therapy that involves talking to a therapist about mental health.