DNA Structure and Function

tRNA

• carries amino acids to the ribosome

• transports DNA to the nucleus

• synthesizes proteins in the cytoplasm

• breaks down amino acids in the mitochondria

transcription

• The process where DNA is replicated into another DNA strand.

• The process where the nucleus copies the instructions on the sense strand of DNA into a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA).

• The process of translating mRNA into a protein.

• The process of synthesizing DNA from RNA templates.

rRNA

• RNA created from Intergenic DNA

• RNA that carries genetic information

• RNA involved in protein synthesis

• RNA that forms the structure of DNA

inversion

• broken off part of a chromosome reattaches upside down

• a segment of DNA is deleted from the chromosome

• genes are duplicated within the chromosome

• chromosomes exchange segments with each other

epigenome

• A process that permanently alters the DNA sequence of a gene.

• Altering gene expression specific molecules binding to the gene itself to create new expressions.

• A type of genetic mutation that occurs during cell division.

• The study of how environmental factors influence genetic traits.

structure of DNA

• double helix / Twisted Ladder

• single strand / Straight Line

• triple helix / Twisted Triangle

• circular / Loop Structure

Gene

• A section of DNA which codes for a protein

• A type of RNA molecule

• A protein that regulates cell function

• A sequence of amino acids in a protein

Intergenic DNA?

• Large stretches of DNA between genes

• Short sequences of RNA

• Regions coding for proteins

• DNA sequences that regulate gene expression

Translation

• Building the protein molecule at the ribosome from mRNA

• Transcribing DNA into RNA

• Synthesizing lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum

• Decomposing proteins into amino acids

Central Dogma

• DNA (in the nucleus) makes RNA, RNA (at the ribosome) makes protein.

• RNA (in the nucleus) makes DNA, DNA (at the ribosome) makes protein.

• Protein (in the nucleus) makes RNA, RNA (at the ribosome) makes DNA.

• DNA (in the cytoplasm) makes RNA, RNA (in the nucleus) makes protein.