U4 AOS1 DP3

Which of the following is a non-cellular pathogen?

• Fungi

• Bacteria

• Virus

• Worms

Which of the following statements about self markers and the immune system is correct?

• Self markers are identical in all humans and help the immune system destroy infected cells.

• MHC molecules are found only on bacteria and help the immune system recognize pathogens.

• The immune system ignores cells with self MHC markers but may attack cells with foreign MHC markers.

• MHC molecules trigger an immune response only when attached to antibodies.

Which MHC markers are found on nearly all human cells?

• MHC Class I

• MHC Class II

Which MHC markers are found on APCs?

• MHC Class I

• MHC Class II

Which of the following best describes the difference between PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and antigens?

• PAMPs trigger specific immune responses, while antigens trigger general immune responses.
  

• PAMPs are general molecular patterns found on pathogens, while antigens trigger a specific immune response.

• Antigens are found only on viruses, while PAMPs are found only on bacteria.

• Antigens and PAMPs are identical and always trigger the same immune cells.

What is the main role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune response?

• To produce antibodies that directly destroy pathogens

• To engulf pathogens and present their antigens on MHC II molecules to initiate the adaptive immune response

• To destroy infected cells by releasing perforin and granzyme

• To present pathogen antigens on MHC I molecules to activate B cells

Which of the following describes prions?

• Contains long branching filaments called hyphae. Reproduces by budding and spores.

• Contain genetic material inside a protein coat which they inject into the host causing the host to reproduce many copies.

• Unicellular prokaryote that reproduces via binary fission

• Abnormally folded proteins with higher beta-sheet content which is more resistant to denaturation.

Which of the following describes viruses?

• Contains long branching filaments called hyphae. Reproduces by budding and spores.

• Contain genetic material inside a protein coat which they inject into the host causing the host to reproduce many copies.

• Unicellular prokaryote that reproduces via binary fission

• Abnormally folded proteins with higher beta-sheet content which is more resistant to denaturation.

Which of the following describes fungi?

• Contains long branching filaments called hyphae. Reproduces by budding and spores.

• Contain genetic material inside a protein coat which they inject into the host causing the host to reproduce many copies.

• Unicellular prokaryote that reproduces via binary fission

• Abnormally folded proteins with higher beta-sheet content which is more resistant to denaturation.

Which of the following describes bacteria?

• Contains long branching filaments called hyphae. Reproduces by budding and spores.

• Contain genetic material inside a protein coat which they inject into the host causing the host to reproduce many copies.

• Unicellular prokaryote that reproduces via binary fission

• Abnormally folded proteins with higher beta-sheet content which is more resistant to denaturation.