Cold War Targeted Review

Which describes an effect of the "Red Scare" on Americans after World War II?

• Nuclear missiles in Cuba threatened the survival of American cities.

• American manufacturers were able to sell more of their goods to Eastern Europe.

• Hundreds of thousands of German refugees overwhelmed U.S. immigration services.

• President Truman established loyalty review boards to eliminate communist influence in the government.

Which group would have most likely agreed with the views expressed in this pamphlet?

• U.S. Supreme Court

• American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

• American Federation of Labor (AFL-CIO)

• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

The excerpt below was part of a speech delivered by Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1950. 'I have here in my hand . . . a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.' Which conclusion can be drawn from this speech?

• A. President Truman was “weak” on Communism.

• B. The United States was actually losing the Cold War.

• C. There was a new “Red Scare” in the years after World War II.

• D. Congress challenged the increased powers of the postwar Presidency.

What was the primary incentive for the implementation of the Marshall Plan?

• to encourage European nations to grant independence to their colonies in Asia and Africa

• to weaken the German economy while aiding the rest of Europe’s reconstruction

• to prevent struggling European nations from turning to Communism

• to establish American control of European markets

The excerpt below is from President Truman’s speech to Congress on March 12, 1947. 'At the present moment in history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. . . I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [overthrow] by armed minorities or by outside pressures . . . If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world—and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation.' Which threat was President Truman referring to in this speech?

• Asian resistance to the continuation of imperialism

• Communist infiltration of the U.S. State Department

• a regional war between two nations in Southeast Asia

• the possible spread of Communism to Greece and Turkey

Which action was a response to the organization created by this treaty?

• formation of the Warsaw Pact

• announcement of the Marshall Plan

• fall of the “Iron Curtain” over Eastern Europe

• application of the Eisenhower Doctrine to Lebanon

The advertisement for aircraft below shows airplanes carrying milk. What does this advertisement depict?

• exports of U.S. agricultural goods to postwar Europe

• U.S. airpower over Germany during World War II

• economic aid to Europe under the Marshall Plan

• resistance to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin

Examine the controversy surrounding the proliferation of nuclear technology in the United States and the world. How did the development of the hydrogen bomb intensify the Cold War?

• Soviet leaders resented the refusal of Americans to share the secrets of the hydrogen bomb.

• It showed that Soviet nuclear scientists were catching up with Americans.

• It led some U.S. scientists to reveal atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

• It made U.S. and Soviet leaders more willing to use nuclear weapons.

The chart below summarizes two provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1970). What is the primary reason why the United States and 190 other nations signed this treaty?

• to reduce the risk of nuclear war

• to avoid nuclear pollution of the atmosphere

• to recognize the special status of the world’s great powers

• to assist the non-nuclear states in obtaining peaceful nuclear technology

The graph below shows the number of nuclear weapons in the world from 1945 to 2014. What conclusion can be drawn from this graph?

• A) The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 curbed the spread of nuclear weapons.

• B) The risk of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of terrorist groups has greatly increased.

• C) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has failed to stop the further spread of nuclear weapons.

• D) International disarmament agreements have helped lead to a reduction in the number of nuclear weapons.