Western Civ Chapter 20

Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following EXCEPT

• a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.
• the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century.
• a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets.
• Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.
• a developed financial system.

In which business segment did Britain's first step toward the Industrial Revolution occur?

• Cotton textile industry
• Wool textile industry
• Iron industry
• Railroad industry
• Mining industry

In the early eighteenth century, new methods of smelting ____ were devised using coke that was made by slowly burning coal

• bronze
• silver
• tin
• copper
• iron

For which invention, vital to the Industrial Revolution, is James Watt known?

• The spinning jenny
• The mule-powered Newcomen engine
• A rotary steam engine that could drive factory machines
• The first steam-powered locomotive
• The power loom

As Britain produced cotton quickly and cheaply with the aid of steam engines, which country could no longer compete?

• India
• America
• France
• Algeria
• Russia

What was the name of the iron smelting process developed by Englishman Henry Cort?

• Puddling
• Cottling
• Open hearth
• Skimming
• Corking

What did Richard Trevithick pioneer in 1804?

• An oil-fired locomotive
• The steering wheel for trains
• The first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line
• The first electric-powered locomotive for military use
• The motion-picture camera

In the new factory system, workers – many of whom were formerly agricultural laborers – had to adjust to

• urban environments.
• taking orders from a boss.
• standing on their feet all day.
• working specific, regular hours.
• being cooped up indoors.

How did the rise of the industrial factory system deeply affect the lives and status of workers?

• They were often paid in kind.
• They became wage laborers.
• They were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
• They got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
• They became serfs, legally tied to factories.

A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline was

• the promise of increased wages.
• deportation to the colonies.
• heavy fines for lost time.
• lectures and schooling in the rules to parents.
• repeated beatings.