Reviewing Macromolecules & Their Functions

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

• To store genetic information.

• To provide short-term energy.

• To insulate the body.

• To catalyze biochemical reactions.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

• Sucrose

• Lactose

• Glucose

• Starch

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

• The presence of nitrogen atoms

• The number of carbon atoms

• The presence of double bonds in the carbon chain

• The presence of phosphate groups

Which of the following is a function of lipids in the body?

• To act as enzymes.

• To store long-term energy/insulate the body.

• To store short-term energy for the body.

• To store genetic material within the body.

Describe the basic structure of a nucleotide.

• A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• A glycerol backbone and three fatty acids.

• An amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

• A carbon ring and a hydroxyl group.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• To retrieve amino acids for the ribosome.

• To form the structure of the ribosome.

• To act as a messenger; carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.

Explain how enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.

• By increasing the temperature of the reaction.

• By providing an alternative reaction pathway.

• By increasing the concentration of reactants.

• By changing the pH of the environment.

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

• The sequence of amino acids.

• The folding of the polypeptide chain into a helix.

• The three-dimensional shape of the protein.

• The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains.

How do carbohydrates and proteins interact in the body?

• Carbohydrates provide the structural framework for proteins.

• Proteins act as enzymes to break down carbohydrates.

• Carbohydrates are converted into proteins during digestion.

• Proteins store carbohydrates for later use.

What is the function of hemoglobin (a protein) in the human body?

• To store energy.

• To transport oxygen.

• To catalyze reactions.

• To provide structural support.