Unit 5 Review

All of the following statements about the geography of meat production in the United States and Canada are true EXCEPT:

• Industrial farmers are raising ever-increasing numbers of animals on their farms.

• Animal slaughtering and meat-processing activities are dominated by a few large corporations.

• The development of the poultry industry has made chicken the least expensive kind of meat consumed in the United States and Canada.

• Fast-food restaurants have created a demand for increased standardization and homogeneity of animals raised for meat.

• Consumer demand for organic foods has significantly decreased the amount of meat produced by most agribusiness firms.

What conclusion can one make about the connection between the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

• Money generated from the 2nd A.R. helped fund the I.R.

• Technological advancements meant decreased agricultural production.

• The 2nd A.R. meant less labor was needed on farms, which helped create a workforce for the I.R.

• There is no relationship between the two events.

• none of the above.

Which of the following is an explanation for the similar impact of large-scale commercial agriculture in developed countries and plantation agriculture in developing countries?

• Both farming practices stimulate local economies with the influx of profits from export-oriented crops.

• Both farming practices involve the consolidation of family farms and displacement of rural communities.

• Both farming practices provide an increased standard of living in rural communities from the many jobs created to run these large farms.

• Both farming practices enable local farmers to remain on their land rather than migrating to jobs in urban areas.

• Both farming practices guarantee that long-term sustainable farming methods will be incorporated in their production processes.

Compared to North American ranchers, commercial ranchers in the Pampas of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil are more likely to

• raise mostly sheep

• lease their grazing land

• rely on feedlots

• raise livestock primarily for export

• use practices developed by indigenous people

In which of the following areas was wheat, a seed-grain crop, most probably domesticated earliest?

• Southern Italy

• Northern Libya

• The plateau of central Mexico

• Eastern China

• Southeastern Turkey

Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because of

• competition for resources from logging and mining companies.

• population increase.

• modern technology makes the practice obsolete.

• all of the above

All of the following are characteristics of shifting cultivation except...

• crops are grown on land until the nutrients in the soil are depleted.

• private land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies.

• farmers usually return to the same area approximately twenty years later.

• people usually live in small villages.

• farmers clear land using a slash (vegetation) and burn (debris) technique.

The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights and root structures on mounds and in valleys, in order to protect lower crops, is called...

• intertillage.

• slash and burn farming.

• commercial agriculture.

• plantation farming.

• swidden agriculture.

All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except...

• they may stay in one place when rainfall and grasses are plentiful.

• they only consume animal products and animal by-products.

• they primarily depend on animals for their survival.

• they consume mostly grains and dairy rather than meat.

• they trade meat and skins for grains.

Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life for all of the following reasons except...

• competition for resources.

• the nomads often cross international borders.

• it is not an economically viable livelihood.

• increased population pressures.

• the nomads prefer a sedentary lifestyle.