Romanian Orphans Recap

What is an institution?

• A place for short-term medical care

• An organisation providing long-term residential care

• A facility for temporary shelter

• A centre for educational workshops

What policy did former President Nicolai Ceausescu enforce regarding Romanian families?

• Limit of two children per family

• Requirement to have five children

• Encouragement to have no children

• Requirement to have ten children

What does the term 'institutionalisation' refer to?

• The process of adopting a child

• The effects of living in an institutional setting

• The development of educational institutions

• The establishment of new laws

What was the aim of the study conducted by Rutter et al?

• To explore the impact of nutrition on child development.

• To investigate the extent to which good care could make up for poor early experiences in institutions.

• To analyse the effects of technology on learning.

• To study the role of genetics in behaviour.

How many Romanian orphans were followed in Rutter's English and Romanian adoptee (ERA) study?

• 165

• 52

• 100

• 200

What signs did half of the adoptees show when they first arrived in the UK?

• Advanced intellectual development

• Signs of delayed intellectual development

• No signs of intellectual development

• Signs of accelerated intellectual development

What factor appeared to influence the outcome related to adoption in Rutter et al's study?

• The child's gender

• The child's health

• Whether adoption took place before or after six months

• The adoptive parents' income

What attachment issue is associated with adoption after six months?

• Secure attachment

• Disinhibited attachment

• Avoidant attachment

• Anxious attachment

Which of the following is a symptom of disinhibited attachment?

• Acting the same towards familiar and unfamiliar adults

• Attention-seeking

• Clingy behaviour

• All of the above

Lily spent her early years in an orphanage with minimal stimulation before being adopted at two years old. Now aged nine, she struggles at school with learning and problem-solving, often falling behind her peers. What effect of institutionalisation is she experiencing?

• Intellectual disability

• Disinhibited attachment