C16: THERMODYNAMICS

thermodynamics has

• one sub-topic

• two sub-topic

• three sub-topic

the sub-topic consists of

• internal energy &

  first law of thermodynamics

• internal energy

• first law of thermodynamics

• thermodynamics

Internal energy can be defined as:

• The internal energy of a system is defined as the sum of kinetic energy of its atoms or molecules.

• The internal energy of a system is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energies of its atoms or molecules.

• The internal energy of a system is defined as the sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of its atoms or molecules.

• The internal energy of a system is defined as the kinetic and potential energies of its atoms or molecules.

the internal energy of a system is not determined by

• temperature

• random motion of particles

• work done

• the phase of matter

the internal energy of a system can decreases by

• doing work on it

• doing work by system itself

• adding heat to it

• adding work

As the container is heated up,

• the gas molecules move and have no intermolecular forces

• the gas molecules move faster with higher kinetic energy

• low internal energy

all the energy put into a gas by heating it and by doing work on it must end up in the gas

• it decreases the internal energy of the gas.

• it increases the internal energy of the gas

define as:

• the change in internal energy of a system ∆𝑼 equals the net heat transfer into the system 𝒒, plus the net work done on the system 𝑾

• the internal energy of a system ∆𝑼 is the heat transfer into the system 𝒒, and the net work done on the system 𝑾

When the gas expands (V increases), work is

• done by the gas

• on the gas

define the work done by the gas in expanding:

• Work done when the volume of a gas changes at constant pressure

• Work done when the volume of a gas changes

• Work done when the volume of a gas changes at constant temperature