Unit 2 Biology - Week 2

What is heredity?

• The process by which an organism produces energy

• The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring

• The process of cell division in plants

• The building block of DNA

What is a genotype?

• The observable behavior of an organism

• The environmental factors that influence an organism

• The genetic makeup or combination of alleles of an organism

• The visible traits of an organism

What is a phenotype?

• The genetic sequence of an organism

• The specific alleles an organism has

• The process of genetic recombination

• The observable traits or characteristics of an organism

What is an allele?

• A chromosome that contains genes

• A type of sugar found in DNA

• A variant form of a gene

• A protein that helps in cell division

How many alleles does an individual inherit for each gene?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

What is the term used when an organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait?

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

• Hybrid

• Polymorphic

What is the term used when an organism has two different alleles for a particular trait?

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

• Dominant

• Heterozygous

Which of the following is true about dominant alleles?

• They are only expressed if the individual has two copies of the allele

• They are always hidden in a heterozygous individual

• They are expressed even if only one copy is present

• They are never passed on to offspring

Which of the following best describes recessive alleles?

• Recessive alleles are always dominant over other alleles

• Recessive alleles are only expressed when two copies are present

• Recessive alleles are never passed on to offspring

• Recessive alleles are expressed regardless of the other allele

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

• To determine the number of chromosomes in an organism

• To predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms

• To measure the physical traits of offspring

• To determine the shape of a protein molecule