JOCELYN STRINGER

The belief in two fundamental and opposing substances, such as mind and body

The belief that reality consists of multiple fundamental substances or principles.

Proposed the concept of the "Apeiron" (infinite or boundless) as the origin of all things.

Argued that numbers and mathematical relationships are the fundamental reality.

Believed that water is the fundamental substance of all things

Developed the atomic theory, suggesting that everything is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms

Criticized anthropomorphic conceptions of the gods and emphasized a singular, omnipotent divine principle

Believed that change is fundamental to the universe, famously stating that "everything flows."

Argued that change is an illusion and that true reality is unchanging and singular.

The study of principles of valid reasoning and argumentation.