Understanding Blood Vessels and Circulation

What are the three tunics common to most blood vessels?

• Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

• Tunica adventitia, tunica muscularis, tunica serosa

• Tunica interna, tunica fibrosa, tunica elastica

• Tunica externa, tunica interna, tunica fibrosa

Which type of capillary is characterized by having small pores that allow for increased permeability?

• Continuous capillaries

• Fenestrated capillaries

• Sinusoids

• Elastic capillaries

What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

• To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

• To serve as a blood reservoir

• To facilitate nutrient exchange

• To regulate blood pressure

How does the lymphatic system contribute to the function of the capillary bed?

• By increasing blood pressure

• By returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

• By transporting oxygen to tissues

• By filtering blood

What is the significance of slow blood flow in the capillaries?

• It increases blood pressure

• It allows for efficient nutrient and gas exchange

• It prevents blood clotting

• It reduces the risk of atherosclerosis

Which of the following describes the myogenic response in blood vessels?

• The dilation of blood vessels in response to increased blood flow

• The constriction of blood vessels in response to increased blood pressure

• The relaxation of blood vessels in response to decreased blood flow

• The constriction of blood vessels in response to decreased blood pressure

What is the role of aldosterone in regulating blood pressure?

• It decreases blood volume by promoting sodium excretion

• It increases blood volume by promoting sodium retention

• It dilates blood vessels to lower blood pressure

• It inhibits the renin-angiotensin system

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) if the systolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg.

• 80 mmHg

• 93 mmHg

• 100 mmHg

• 110 mmHg

Which hormone is known to decrease blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and sodium excretion?

• Angiotensin II

• Aldosterone

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

What distinguishes pulmonary circulation from systemic circulation?

• Pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood to the body

• Pulmonary circulation involves the exchange of gases in the lungs

• Pulmonary circulation has higher pressure than systemic circulation

• Pulmonary circulation includes the hepatic portal system