2171 Exam 1 Review

Which of the following set of traits is most ideal for a model organism?

• Rapid life cycles and recent common ancestors with humans.

• Slow life cycles and recent common ancestors with humans.

• Rapid life cycles and little relation to humans.

• Slow life cycles and little relation to humans.

You are reading a newly-published scientific article where the researchers have claimed to have found a single cure for all types of cancer. Do you believe the researcher’s claims?

• Yes, the researchers are right because all types of cancers come from similar genetic mutations.

• No, the researchers are wrong because cancers derive from dozens of different genetic mutations.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy often work together because:

• Both only target immune cells.

• Radiation therapy prevents drug metabolism, increasing chemotherapy levels.

• Radiation damages DNA, making cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy-induced stress.

• They both only act on non-dividing cells.

What is the correct order of the Drosophila melanogaster life cycle?

• Egg → Larva (1 instar stage) → Pupa → Adult

• Egg → Larva (3 instar stages) → Pupa → Adult

• Egg → Pupa → Larva (3 instar stages) → Adult

• Egg → Nymph → Adult

What does “replicative immortality” mean for cancer cells?

• Cancer cells can live forever without needing to divide.

• Cancer cells are hypoxic and never need oxygen to live.

• Cancer cells always die after a single cell division, making them volatile.

• Cancer cells often have no limit on how many times they can divide.

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Which hallmark describes that cancer can move from one part of the body to another?

• Activating invasion and metastasis

• Sustaining proliferative signaling

• Inducing angiogenesis

• Deregulating energetics

In your lab group, one team member often shows up late and does less work than everyone else. What is the best way to handle this situation?

• Do all the work yourself to make sure the experiment is finished on time.

• Get angry and refuse to work with that team member.

• Directly communicate the issue to that team member, then report it to a TA if that does not resolve the issue.

• Ignore the problem and hope the professor / a TA notices on their own.

Which of the following accurately describes the most ideal outcome after several chemotherapeutic treatments are combined?

• The resulting treatment kills more cancer cells than healthy cells

• None of the drugs become less effective after they are combined

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true of radiation therapy?

• A) Radiation therapy uses targeted doses of non-ionizing radiation to attack the DNA of cancerous cells

• B) Radiation therapy can cause damage to all cell types, but cancerous cells are killed at a higher rate

• C) The radiation only targets the DNA of tumors in the body

• D) The primary goal of radiation therapy is to interfere with the cell cycle of rapidly dividing cells

• Both A and B are true

You are testing several compounds for potential chemotherapy activity. The mean % survival rates of cells treated with each compound are shown in the graph. Which of the following conclusions is most accurate?

• A) Drug 2 qualifies as a potential chemotherapeutic “hit” because its survival rate is at least two standard deviations below the negative control mean.

• B) Although the positive control did not meet the expected threshold, the data are still valid because the drugs are evaluated against the negative control.

• C) Drug 3 is the strongest chemotherapeutic candidate because it has the highest survival rate.

• Both A and B are correct.

• Both B and C are correct.

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