Parathyroid Glands - OpenStax 2E

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

• Anterior surface of the thyroid gland

• Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

• Inside the adrenal glands

• On the pancreas

What is the primary hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands?

• Insulin

• Thyroxine

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• Cortisol

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

• Regulate blood sugar levels

• Regulate blood calcium levels

• Control metabolism

• Stimulate red blood cell production

How does PTH affect osteoclasts?

• Inhibits their activity

• Stimulates their activity

• Has no effect

• Destroys them

What role does calcitriol play in calcium regulation?

• Decreases calcium absorption

• Increases calcium absorption

• Inhibits PTH secretion

• Stimulates insulin release

What hormone is released by the parathyroid gland to increase blood calcium levels?

• Calcitonin

• Insulin

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• Glucagon

What effect does calcitonin have on bone?

• Stimulates osteoclasts

• Inhibits osteoclasts

• Increases blood calcium levels

• Decreases bone density

How does PTH affect the kidneys?

• Stimulates osteoblasts

• Inhibits calcium absorption

• Stimulates kidney tubule cells to recover waste calcium

• Decreases blood calcium levels

What condition may develop due to parathyroid hormone deficiency?

• Hyperthyroidism

• Hypoparathyroidism

• Hyperparathyroidism

• Hypothyroidism

What is one of the effects of calcitonin on the kidneys?

• Increases calcium absorption

• Decreases calcium absorption

• Increases sodium absorption

• Decreases sodium absorption