AP Gov Judicial Branch

the lowest level of the federal judiciary; these courts usually have original jurisdiction in cases that start at the federal level

• district courts

• courts of appeals

• constitutional courts

• supreme courts

• legislative courts

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that asserts justices should be cautious in overturning laws

• judicial activism

• judicial restraint

• judicial review

• judicial power

Lawsuit brought by an individual or a group of people on behalf of all those similarly situated. defendant. In a criminal action, the person or party accused of an offense.

• Marbury v. Madison

• writ of certiorari

• writ of habeas corpus

• class-action suit

a Supreme Court decision that established judicial review over federal laws

• Marbury v. Madison

• writ of certiorari

• writ of habeas corpus

• class-action suit

is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination

• litmus test

• precedent

• standing

• judicial review

a court created by Congress under Article I of the U.S. Constitution whose judges are subject to removal from office and salary reduction

• district courts

• courts of appeals

• constitutional courts

• supreme courts

• legislative courts

a constitutional provision for a process by which changes may be made to the Constitution.

• stare decisis

• senatorial courtesy

• rule of four

• amendment

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating bold new policies

• judicial activism

• judicial restraint

• judicial review

• judicial power

a person or group who brings a case in court

• plaintiff

• concurring opinion

• opinion of the court/majority opinion

• dissenting opinion

the authority of a court to hear and review decisions made by lower courts in that system

• original jurisdiction

• appellate jurisdiction

• brief

• amicus curiae brief