13/02

Alice is a student in Year 12. One of the major neurotransmitters, GABA, is present in lower levels in her body than what is normally present in an adolescent. What symptoms might Alice present as a result of this GABA dysfunction?

• An inability to produce smooth and coordinated muscle movement

• A susceptibility to seizures

• Decreased hunger and a reduced appetite

• Excessive anxiety and an elevated stress response

A student is nervous about making a speech at her school assembly to apply for school captain. Which of the following physiological symptoms would she present, and which subdivision of the nervous system controls this response?

• A decrease in perspiration levels, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

• A decrease in stomach contractions, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

• A contraction of the pupils, controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system

• An increase in salivation levels, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

Long term potentiation involves the increased release of glutamate into the synapse. This increase in glutamate enhances learning through long term potentiation because glutamate:

• Is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which decreases the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential

• Is an excitatory neuromodulator, which increases the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential

• Is an excitatory neurotransmitter, which increases the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential

• Is an inhibitory neuromodulator, which decreases the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential

The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the _____________ communication between the gut and the brain, allowing communication between the CNS and ENS.

Eustress is characterised by a positive psychological response, whilst distress is characterised by a negative psychological response. However, both types of stress responses are similar in that they both:

• Cause emotions such as excitement and nervousness

• Illustrate the objective and universal nature of the stress response

• Cause emotions such as anxiety and worry

• Involve physiological and biological symptoms of stress that can enhance survival

After working multiple jobs to stabilise her financial position for 2 years, Nina is diagnosed with kidney disease, which will require urgent surgery. Which stage of the GAS model is Nina likely in when she is diagnosed with kidney disease, and where in relation to normal levels of resistance to stress is she?

• The exhaustion stage, above normal levels of resistance to stress

• The exhaustion stage, at normal levels of resistance to stress

• The exhaustion stage, below normal levels of resistance to stress

• The resistance stage, below normal levels of resistance to stress

One of the major criticisms of the General Adaptation Syndrome is that

• Selye did not consider that a rat’s response to stressors is less varied than a person’s stress response

• Selye did not consider the impact of physiological stressors on humans, he only considered psychological stressors

• it does not provide an explanation of why the body’s level of resistance to stress decreases during the exhaustion stage

• Selye claimed that during counter shock, the body’s level of resistance to stress decreases when in actual fact it increases