Punnett Squares & Cladograms

What is a Punnett Square used for in genetics?

• To determine the age of fossils

• To predict the probability of offspring inheriting particular traits

• To map the evolutionary history of species

• To measure the size of chromosomes

In a Punnett Square, what does each box represent?

• A different species

• A possible genotype of the offspring

• A different generation

• A different chromosome

What is a cladogram used for?

• To show the inheritance of traits

• To illustrate evolutionary relationships

• To calculate genetic probabilities

• To identify dominant alleles

Which of the following best describes an allele?

• A type of cell

• A version of a gene

• A type of protein

• A type of chromosome

In genetics, what does it mean if an allele is dominant?

• It is the most common allele in a population

• It masks the effect of a recessive allele

• It is always inherited from the mother

• It is always inherited from the father

What is a recessive allele?

• An allele that is always expressed

• An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present

• An allele that is never expressed

• An allele that is more common than a dominant allele

Which of the following is an example of a genetic trait?

• Eye color

• Height of a building

• Speed of a car

• Temperature of water

In a cladogram, what does a branch point (red circle) represent?

• A common ancestor

• A mutation

• A genetic disorder

• A dominant allele

If a trait is controlled by a dominant allele, what is the phenotype of an individual with a heterozygous genotype?

• Recessive

• Dominant

• Intermediate

• Unknown

Which of the following best describes a genotype?

• The physical appearance of an organism

• The genetic makeup of an organism

• The environment in which an organism lives

• The diet of an organism