Biology Starr

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

• A small group starts a new population with limited genetic variation

• A large population undergoes a sudden reduction in size

• A population experiences a high mutation rate

• A population is subject to strong natural selection

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How does natural selection lead to adaptation in a population?

• By favoring advantageous traits

• By eliminating all genetic variation

• By increasing mutation rates

• By causing random changes in allele frequencies

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What does the image represent?

• Founder effect

• Bottleneck effect

• Natural Selection

• Mutations

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During a biology class, Mark and Amelia were discussing how mutations affect the formation of new species. What role do mutations play in the process of speciation?

• They eliminate genetic diversity

• They introduce new genetic variations

• They prevent species from adapting

• They always lead to extinction

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What impact did the introduction of new genetic material from Texas panthers have on the Florida panther population?

• It decreased the genetic diversity of the population

• It increased the genetic diversity of the population

• It led to a decline in the overall health of the panthers

• It caused the extinction of the Florida panthers

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Why is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium important in population genetics?

• It provides a model to study genetic variation

• It describes how populations evolve

• It predicts the extinction of species

• It explains the origin of new species

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What is the effect of inbreeding on genetic diversity?

• It decreases genetic diversity

• It increases genetic diversity

• It has no effect on genetic diversity

• It stabilizes genetic diversity

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An illustration of how a particular DNA mutation will most likely affect the polypeptide produced is shown. What type of mutation is illustrated?

• insertion

• translocation

• substitution

• deletion

Answer explanation

The original strand has a GTA coding for His. The mutated strand has a GGA which codes for Pro instead. The T got switched for a G, so this is a substitution.

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The DEFENSES of 2 flightless birds that live in different habitats are shown. How do the wings of the Gentoo penguin and the legs of the ostrich provide an advantage in their habitat?

• Allows them to find prey

• Allows them to escape from predators

• Allows them to control body temperature

• Allows them to be camouflaged in their environments

Answer explanation

You can narrow down the answer choices to either "finding prey" or "escaping predators." Note that the question says the birds need DEFENSES and are FLIGHTLESS. Defenses are used to escape predators, not to hunt.

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Photosynthesis takes in ​ (a)   and spits out ​ (b)   . Cellular respiration takes in ​ (c)  

• light energy

• chemical energy

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