Transcription & Translation

Put the central dogma in the correct order:

​ (a)   > ​ (b)   > ​ (c)  

• DNA
• RNA
• Protein

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

• Transcription and Translation

• Replication and Transcription

• Translation and Replication

• Mitosis and Meiosis

What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?

• It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• It translates RNA into proteins.

• It replicates DNA.

• It degrades RNA molecules.

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To serve as a template for protein synthesis

• To form the structure of ribosomes

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

How does mRNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?

• mRNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded.

• mRNA contains thymine while DNA contains uracil.

• mRNA is more stable than DNA.

• mRNA has a deoxyribose sugar while DNA has a ribose sugar.

Codons are sequences of how many nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids?

• Two

• Three

• Four

• Five

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To synthesize proteins

• To transcribe DNA

• To replicate RNA

tRNA ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain by:

• Binding to the ribosome

• Matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon

• Carrying the amino acid to the nucleus

• Transcribing DNA into RNA

What is the significance of start and stop codons in the translation process?

• They mark the beginning and end of a protein-coding sequence.

• They are involved in DNA replication.

• They are responsible for splicing RNA.

• They regulate gene expression.