Molecular Homologies

According to the molecular data table shown, which cladogram below fits the data the best?

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According to the Primates cladogram and table listing the total number of amino acid differences in the Cytochrome C Oxidase II protein between the human and the five other organisms. According to the information given, which number would fit in the position with the question mark for baboons?

• 4

• 26

• 60

• 68

• 75

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The idea that similar DNA or Amino Acid Sequences indicate common evolutionary ancestry

• Molecular Homology (DNA)

• Anatomical Homology

• Developmental Homology

• all of the above

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Which of the following best describes molecular homologies?

• Similarities in DNA sequences between different species

• Differences in protein structures within a species

• Variations in cell organelles across species

• Unique metabolic pathways in individual organisms

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Molecular homologies are used to determine evolutionary relationships because they:

• Are always identical across all species

• Change rapidly over short periods

• Accumulate mutations at a constant rate

• Are unaffected by environmental factors

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Which of the following is an example of molecular homology?

• The presence of wings in bats and birds

• The similar bone structure in human and whale limbs

• The DNA sequence similarity between humans and chimpanzees

• The analogous function of eyes in different species

How do molecular homologies support the theory of evolution?

• By showing that all species have identical DNA

• By indicating common ancestry through genetic similarities

• By proving that mutations do not occur

• By demonstrating that all organisms have the same proteins

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Which method is commonly used to study molecular homologies?

• X-ray crystallography

• DNA sequencing

• Electron microscopy

• Mass spectrometry

What is the significance of conserved sequences in molecular homologies?

• They indicate regions of DNA that are prone to mutations

• They suggest important functional or structural roles

• They are unique to each species

• They are irrelevant to evolutionary studies

In molecular biology, homologous genes are those that:

• Perform the same function in different species

• Have identical sequences in all organisms

• Are derived from a common ancestral gene

• Are found only in extinct species

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