Chapter 3 Environmental Systems

Rainfall generally has a pH value between 5 and 6.5. It is acidic because of dissolved carbon dioxide and air pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides. Heavy rains can change the pH of streams and rivers by

• lowering the pH and making the water more acidic

• raising the pH and making the water more alkaline (basic)

• having no affect on pH

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A _______________________ is a visual model that depicts how energy flows through organisms

in an ecosystem.

• food chain

• molecule

• feedback loop

• open system

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An ecosystem includes multiple food chains linked into a ______________ that includes several consumers(herbivores, carnivores, omnivores), producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms), and decomposers (fungi, bacteria, and detritivores).

• open system

• food web

• throughput

• feedback loop

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What is the source of the energy that goes into a food chain?

• the sun

• water

• soil nutrients

• carbohydrates

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The study of environmental science primarily considers

• interactions among human systems and those found in Earth

• the effect of human systems

• abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment

• factors that affect global climate change

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These are likely to biomagnify through the food chain.

• organic chemicals like pesticides

• lead and mercury

• plant nutrients

• heat

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In a ecosystem, abundant plants produce abundant rabbits. This is an example of

• a positive feedback loop

• a negative feedback loop

• a food web

• equilibrium

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Organism that gain their energy from the inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, through the process of

• photosynthesis

• chemosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• decomposition

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Energy from the sun is converted by green plants into carbohydrates by a process called

• photosynthesis

• chemosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• decomposition

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Ninety percent of the energy from each trophic level is lost in the form of ______ as you move to the next level.

• water

• food

• heat

• eagles

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