NC Biology EOC Review Cells

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

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Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water

• carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

• glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

• oxygen + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose

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Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

• DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins

• DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

• DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

• DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids

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What is an organism called when it contains membrane bound internal organelles?

• Heterotroph

• Autotroph

• Eukaryote

• Prokaryote

What is a eukaryotic cell?

• Single simple cell with a nucleus

• Single simple cell without a nucleus

• Complex cell with a nucleus

• Bacteria

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Which type of cell could be described as being larger, complex and nucleated?

__________ Cell.

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called ____________________.

• prokaryotes

• eukaryotes

• bacteria

• protists

Which of the following domains contain organisms that have nucleus and other membrane bound organelles?

• Bacteria

• Archae

• Eukarya

• Domain

Eukaryotic Cells are complex.

• True

• False

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