Chapter 13 Atmosphere and Climate Change

gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide

• greenhouse gases

• latitude

• weather

• global warming

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compounds that contain chlorine and cause ozone destruction in the upper atmosphere

• chloroflurocarbons

• climate models

• weather

• global warming

How long will it take for chlorofluorocarbons released from Earth’s surface today to reach the stratosphere?

• about six months

• one to two years

• three to five years

• 10 to 20 years

Which of the following best describes measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since 1958?

• Levels of CO2 were steady until the mid-1970s, when they began to increase rapidly

• Measurements of CO2 have shown a steady increase since accurate measurements began in 1958.

• CO2 levels have increased overall, although there are seasonal fluctuations.

• CO2 levels have decreased overall, although there are seasonal fluctuations.

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Explain why sea levels would rise as a result of climate change.

Answer explanation

Ice from the Arctic and Antarctic would melt, increasing the amount of water in the oceans.

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elevated water temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean that causes increased rainfall in the southern part of the United States

• chloroflurocarbons

• climate models

• El Nino

• La Nina

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international agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries

• weather

• global warming

• climate

• Kyoto Protocol

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This is described by “Cool summers, cold winters with lots of snow—about 75 cm of precipitation each year.”

• weather

• global warming

• climate

• Kyoto Protocol

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has a strong effect on climate due to the tilt of Earth’s axis

• greenhouse gases

• latitude

• weather

• global warming

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complex sets of equations relating concentrations of atmospheric gases, winds, and many other variables

• chloroflurocarbons

• climate models

• El Niño

• La Niña

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