Living Environment Regents Evolution

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

• A process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

• A random change in the DNA sequence of an organism

• The movement of individuals into or out of a population

• The intentional breeding of organisms for desired traits

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What is the primary source of genetic variation in a population?

• Mutations

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• Gene flow

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Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

• The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly

• The flippers of a whale and the wings of a bird

• The forelimbs of a cat and the forelimbs of a human

• The eyes of a human and the eyes of an octopus

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What does the fossil record provide evidence for?

• The existence of life on Mars

• The gradual change of species over time

• The constancy of species over time

• The immediate creation of all species

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Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans?

• The appendix

• The heart

• The brain

• The liver

What is the bottleneck effect?

• A large population is suddenly reduced in size

• A small group of individuals colonizes a new area

• The random loss of alleles in a population

• The increase in genetic diversity in a population

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Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

• The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

• The diversification of the finches on the Galápagos Islands

• The extinction of the dinosaurs

• The formation of the Grand Canyon

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What is the significance of the Galápagos Islands to the study of evolution?

• They are home to the oldest fossils on Earth

• They provided Charles Darwin with evidence for natural selection

• They are the only place where evolution occurs

• They have the most diverse ecosystem on Earth

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Which of the following best explains the concept of genetic drift?

• The change in allele frequencies due to random sampling

• The movement of alleles between populations

• The adaptation of organisms to their environment

• The intentional selection of traits by humans

What is the founder effect?

• A small group of individuals establishes a new population

• A large population is reduced to a small size

• The random loss of alleles in a population

• The increase in genetic diversity in a population

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