Biology Keystone

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• heat release

• gas exchange

• carbohydrate absorption

• osmotic pressure regulation

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In order for medicine X to produce the effects that the researchers observed, it must have entered into which part of the targeted cells?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• golgi apparatus

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

A key stone species is..

• a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. （Ex. Ochre Sea Star, California Mussel)

• species that are native to and found only within a limited area

• a species that has a strong role in structuring a community. A foundation species can occupy any trophic level in a food web (i.e., they can be primary producers, herbivores or predators Ex. kelp).

• Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. (Ex. flies, human)

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Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

• chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

• mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis

• chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration

• mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

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Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

• The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

• The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

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Any single living individual, and can refer to a single human, animal, plant,

Protista, bacteria, or fungi.

• Community

• Cell

• Population

• Organism

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Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

• They have a cell membrane.

• They can change over time.

• They use energy to function.

• They have the ability to reproduce.

The golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down?

• copying genetic material to include in the new cell

• forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell

• processing and packaging proteins for the cellular export

• correcting errors in the process of building a new cell

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