Amplify Ocean, Atmosphere, and Climate

The Coriolis Effect changes a current's path due to Earth's

• rotation

• winds

• tides

• temperature differences

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Using the information in the map, how does the air temperature of City 2 compare to the air temperature of City 1? Why?

• City 2 is colder than City 1 because it has a cold current passing by.

• City 1 is warmer than City 2 because it has a warm current passing by.

• City 1 is colder than City 2 because it has a cold current passing by.

• City 2 is warmer than City 1 because it has a warm current passing by

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What are prevailing winds?

• winds that move in one direction and are strong enough to move ocean currents.

• Ocean currents that move in one direction and are around enough to affect winds.

• winds that move in every direction and AREN'T strong enough to move ocean currents

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

City 1 and City 2 are the same distance from the equator and they are both near the ocean. Use the information on the map to answer these questions: How does the air temperature of City 2 compare to the air temperature of City 1? Why?

• The same as City 1. Even though the ocean water at each location is a different temperature, the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

• The same as City 1. They are both near moving ocean water, so the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

• Colder than City 1. At City 2, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean. At City 1, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.

• Colder than City 1. At City 2, only a little energy is transferred from the air to the ocean. At City 1, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.

Answer explanation

The current near City 2 is a cool current and is bringing less energy because it starts near the equator.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Locations that are farther from the equator have colder air temperatures because...

• less energy is transferred directly to the air

• more energy is transferred from the surface to the air

• they have more sunlight

• less energy is transferred from the sun to the surface and then to the air

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Fairview and Washington are the same distance from the equator, and both cities are near the ocean. The air temperature in Fairview is colder than the air temperature in Washington. What causes the air temperature in these places to be different?

• There is no way to figure this out.

• Who knows.

• The ocean water is much cooler than the air of Washington, so the ocean transfers energy to the air. This makes the air cooler.

• The ocean water is much warmer than the air of Washington, so the ocean transfers energy to the air. This makes the air warmer.

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Why would two locations on the coast with similar latitudes have different air temperatures?

• energy from the sun is always changing at the same latitude

• ocean currents can carry different amounts of energy

• ocean currents always carry the same amount of energy so the temperature is the same

• the sea floor changes the temperature

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Penha and Chañaral are the same distance from the equator, and they are both near the ocean. Using the information in the map, how does the air temperature of Penha compare to the air temperature of Chañaral? Why? The air at Penha is

• warmer than Chañaral. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. A lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Penha. Only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Chañaral.

• warmer than Chañaral. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Penha and energy is transferred from the air to the ocean at Chañaral.

• warmer than Chañaral. Moving air with a lot of energy turns and follows the coast toward Penha. Moving air with only a little energy turns and follows the coast toward Chañaral.

• the same as Chañaral. Both locations are the same distance from the equator. The winds push the ocean water, and it turns to follow the coast past both locations, so the same amount of energy is transferred to the air.

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Ocean currents move energy in the form of

• salt

• heat

• oxygen

• nutrients

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What is the primary driver of ocean currents?

• Wind patterns

• Salinity gradients

• Earth's rotation

• Temperature differences

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6