Protein Synthesis Mutations

Mutations occur in part of a DNA sequence. The DNA sequence before and after the mutations is shown below.

Before mutation: ATG GCG GAA GCA

After Mutation: ATG CGG GAA GGA

A strand of mRNA is made from the mutated DNA sequence. The table to the side shows the amino acids encoded by some mRNA base sequences (codons).

Based on this information, what is the expected effect of the mutations?

• No polypeptide will be made.

• The same polypeptide will be made.

• A polypeptide with fewer amino acids will be made.

• A polypeptide with different amino acids will be made.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The simplified diagram shows how the protein mucin is produced by lung cells. Select two statements that best describe the relationship between the DNA and the protein mucin.

• The DNA is built from the mRNA of mucin.

• The DNA folds at certain locations to shape mucin.

• Sugars in the DNA can change the structure of mucin.

• The DNA codes for the amino acid sequence that forms mucin.

• Mutations to the DNA can change the structure and function of mucin.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The stored information in DNA codes for which of the following?

• Proteins

• simple sugars

• mitochondria when energy is needed

• large vacuoles when nutrients are abundant

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is produced when the sequence is transcribed?

• a chain of three amino acids

• a set of three tRNA molecules

• a section of DNA with the base sequence ATCCTCGTA

• a section of mRNA with the base sequence AUCCUCGUA

A small number of people have an inherited mutation that decreases the likelihood of heart disease. The mutation causes the amino acid cysteine to be replaced by arginine.

Which of the following is most likely responsible for this mutation?

• a large protein with a longer polypeptide chain

• the duplication of a chromosome in the genome

• the crossing over of a chromosome in the genome

• a substitution of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A student created a model of a DNA sequence and its mRNA transcript, as shown. Another student found a mistake in the model. Select from the drop-down menus to complete the sentence describing the correction that should be made to the model.

• Thymine nucleotides in mRNA should be replaced with Uracil

• Thymine nucleotides in mRNA should be replaced with Adenine

• Cytosine nucleotides in mRNA should be replaced with Uracil

• Cytosine nucleotides in mRNA should be replaced with Guanine

Based on the model, which of the following leads to the production of lactase?

• ATP is used to form lactase from glucose.

• Lactase is directly replicated from DNA using ATP.

• DNA is transcribed to form mRNA, and then mRNA is translated.

• DNA is translated to form a dairy sugar, and then mRNA is transcribed.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids. 

A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?

• 5 nucleotides

• 6 nucleotides

• 12 nucleotides

• 18 nucleotides

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A point mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.

• deletion mutation

• insertion mutation

• nonsense mutation

• substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled -the code of mRNA is translated into an amino acid.

• transcription

• translation

• amino acids

• ribose sugar