Science Leap Review

Gravity Keith’s class has been learning about the effects of Earth’s gravity. His teacher challenges his class to imagine that tunnels are dug into the earth. The teacher draws the diagram below and asks the students to think about what would happen if a red ball were released at the entrance of a tunnel. If a small ball, represented by the red dot in the image to the left, is held just above the tunnels, which path (path A, path B, path C, or path D) would it follow when released? Select the best claim Keith could make about the path the ball would take.

• The ball would follow path A because gravity would pull it to the center of the earth.

• The ball would follow path B because gravity would pull the ball down the tunnel at a slant.

• The ball would follow path C because it would be trapped in the earth’s orbit.

• The ball would follow path D because gravity is a force that pull objects down.

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Pond The Great Blue Heron is a carnivorous bird that can be found in Louisiana’s wetlands. They are expert fishers. Herons trap their prey by walking slowly or standing still for long periods of time. They wait for fish to come within range of their long necks and blade-like bills. Their diets also consist of mice, insects, and other small creatures. The Great Blue Heron depends on the living components of its ecosystem and nonliving components like sunlight and air for growth and survival. Part B: Which statement best explains the model in Part A?

• All food can eventually be traced back to plants. Plants in the pond ecosystem captured energy from the sun.

• All food can eventually be traced back to soil. The soil provides plants the energy for the pond ecosystem.

• All food can eventually be traced back to dead organisms. Dead organisms in the pond ecosystem provide plants and animals with energy.

• All food can eventually be traced back to the sun. Energy from the sun shines on the earth and is captured by plants and animals.

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Question 1: Soccer Ball

Coach Vance coaches the 5th grade soccer team at Caddo Lake Elementary. He asks two students to help him prepare for practice and inflate the soccer ball to at least 420 grams but no more than 450 grams. The two students measure the mass of the ball when it was deflated and when it was inflated.

Part A: Which model best demonstrates the particles of matter in the inflated soccer ball?

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Gas Particles Angela studies three different types of matter in her science class. She claims that air is a gas made of particles too small to be seen. Which two examples provide evidence to support Angela’s claim that gases are made of particles too small to be seen? Select the two correct answers.

• Bubbles in boiling water

• Ice cream melting in a bowl

• Snow forming in clouds

• Melted lava hardening into rock

• A kite floating in the sky

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In science class, Marvin studies the effects of mixing substances together. Marvin and his partner measure and collect 450 mL of warm water and 50 mL of salt in a large, glass beaker. They measure the mass of each substance and record the results in the table below.Part A: Marvin and his partner measured the mass of a large, glass beaker. They mix the two substances together in the beaker. They observed a slight color change in the water and that much of the salt disappeared after mixing the two substances. Then, they measured the mixture and subtracted the mass of the beaker so they could record the mass of the substances after they mixed them together.Which estimate is the mass of the mixture?

• 450 grams

• 909.2 grams

• 454.6 grams

• 445.4 grams

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Question 9: Pond

The Great Blue Heron is a carnivorous bird that can be found in Louisiana’s wetlands. They are expert fishers. Herons trap their prey by walking slowly or standing still for long periods of time. They wait for fish to come within range of their long necks and blade-like bills. Their diets also consist of mice, insects, and other small creatures. The Great Blue Heron depends on the living components of its ecosystem and nonliving components like sunlight and air for growth and survival.

Part A: Each organism in the pond ecosystem needs food. Choose the model that best represents how energy flows through the pond ecosystem.

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Food provides animals with the materials they need for body repair and growth. Food also provides animals with the energy they need to maintain body warmth and for motion. Arctic ground squirrels in Alaska are the largest of the North American ground squirrels. They are omnivores. They eat plants, mushrooms, eggs, insects, small animals, and even their own young! To deal with the harsh winters, they will hibernate. When animals hibernate they become inactive or “sleep” for an extended period of time. The Arctic ground squirrel hibernates for 7 to 8 months. When they hibernate, they lose a large amount of their body weight. Arctic ground squirrels will not hibernate until they have enough body fat. Why would this be an important behavior for the animal?

• This behavior will allow the Arctic ground squirrel the ability to fight for the best shelter.

• This behavior will help the Arctic ground squirrel find a mate.

• This behavior will give the Arctic ground squirrel more energy to find food and store it for emergencies during the winter.

• This behavior will help the Arctic ground squirrel maintain its body temperature during hibernation and move after hibernation.

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Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

• Ice is denser than water.

• Ice has a lower density than water.

• Ice is heavier than water.

• Ice has a higher temperature than water.

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in cells?

• Photosynthesis

• Protein synthesis

• Energy production

• Cell division

Which of the following is a chemical change?

• Melting of ice

• Boiling of water

• Rusting of iron

• Breaking of glass

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