AP Bio Signal Transduction

What is the first step of signal transduction?

• Reception

• Response

• Transduction

What is a signaling molecule called?

• Activator

• Enhancer

• Ligand

• Repressor

The ligand travels through the signal transduction path.

• True

• False

All cells respond to the same ligand with the same response.​

• True

• False

What type of signaling is shown here?

• autocrine

• synaptic

• endocrine

• paracrine

What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?

• size

• polarity

• ability to cross the membrane

• all of these are correct

Imagine this neuron is connected to another neuron. Where is the synaptic cleft located (the place where the 2 cells meet)?

What is a G protein?

• specific type of membrane-receptor protein

• protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane

• membrane-bound enzyme

• relay protein

Match the following

• uses small molecules to communicate from one nearby cell to another. Short distance, medium response

• Endocrine signaling

• bind a receptor on a distant cell

• Synaptic signaling

• uses a neuron (nerve cell) to send a signal(neurotransmitter) over a small gap (the synapse) to bind

• Paracrine signaling

Which is a secondary messenger?

• ATP

• Ca²⁺​

• Hormone

• Ligand