Kepler's Laws and Gravitation

Kepler's 3rd law states that a planet's period is proportional to its distance from the sun.

A planet is 3.9 AU from the Sun. Find the period of the planet (p) in years. Do NOT include units in your answer.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

The table below illustrates data on Kepler's 3rd Law for the first 6 planets. Use it to estimate the orbital period of Asteroid Baade which has an orbital radius (a) of 2.55 AU.

• 19.2 years

• 4.07 years

• 0.77 years

• 50.2 years

• 1.67 years

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which is Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation?

• The path of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

• Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between them. This force acts along the line joining the two particles.

• Each planet moves so that an imaginary line draw from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time.

• The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets revolving about the Sun is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

The "Law of Harmonies" is which of Kepler's Laws?

• 1st

• 2nd

• 3rd

• 4th

Planet Y has an average distance from the Sun of 627,000,000 km. What is the orbital period of the planet in seconds? Don't include units. (Use E for the x10 Example : 4.5E27) Round to one decimal place.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

The orbital period of Planet W is 3,220,000,000 s. The star that Planet W orbits has a mass of 5.44x10³¹ kg. What is the average distance Planet W is from its star in meters (Don't include units) Round to one decimal place. Write answer in the format(5.4E19)

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

An exoplanet is found by astronomers orbiting and unknown star. The exoplanet is 722,000,000 km away from the unknown star. The exoplanet takes 690,000,000 seconds to orbit. What is the mass of this unknown star in kg? (Don't include units, Round to one decimal place, write answer like 3.2E23)

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

The farther a planet is from the sun, the

• less time it will take to revolve around the sun

• more time it will take to revolve around the sun

• distance does not play a role

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

According to Kepler's first law, what is the shape of the orbit of a planet around the Sun?

• Circle

• Ellipse

• Parabola

• Hyperbola

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a planet's orbital speed and its distance from the Sun according to Kepler's second law?

• The speed is constant regardless of distance.

• The speed increases as the distance increases.

• The speed decreases as the distance increases.

• The speed is unrelated to the distance.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4