Signal Transduction

______________cell-surface receptors with intracellular domains that have intrinsic enzymatic activity.

• Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)

• Cell surface receptors

• Intracellular receptors

• G-coupled proteins receptors

Growth factors or mitogens stimulate RTKs to promote cell division and it is facilitated by the _________________.

• mitogen activating protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade

• phospholipase C (PLC)/calcium pathway

The MAP Kinase signaling cascade begins the ___________.

• Ras GTPase

• RTK Activation

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have _______ transmembrane domains and are associated with an intracellular G-protein

• five

• seven

• nine

The target enzyme for Gq proteins is ____________.

• PI3-kinase

• adenylyl cyclase

• phospholipase C-beta

The cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway is used in cells is an example of ______.

• “fight or flight” response

• Changes in motility

• Changes in gene expression

Phosphorylation is the process by which a ____ is added to a protein to activate it.

• acetyl

• sulfate

• phosphate

What is the first step of signal transduction?

• Reception

• Response

• Transduction

Which of the following act as secondary messengers?​

• ATP and Ca²⁺​

• Ca²⁺ and cAMP​

• cAMP and ligand​

• Ligand and ATP​

What is a signaling molecule called?

• Activator

• Enhancer

• Ligand

• Repressor