Leap Science Review

Gravity Keith’s class has been learning about the effects of Earth’s gravity. His teacher challenges his class to imagine that tunnels are dug into the earth. The teacher draws the diagram below and asks the students to think about what would happen if a red ball were released at the entrance of a tunnel. If a small ball, represented by the red dot in the image to the left, is held just above the tunnels, which path (path A, path B, path C, or path D) would it follow when released? Select the best claim Keith could make about the path the ball would take.

• The ball would follow path A because gravity would pull it to the center of the earth.

• The ball would follow path B because gravity would pull the ball down the tunnel at a slant.

• The ball would follow path C because it would be trapped in the earth’s orbit.

• The ball would follow path D because gravity is a force that pull objects down.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Gas Particles Angela studies three different types of matter in her science class. She claims that air is a gas made of particles too small to be seen. Which two examples provide evidence to support Angela’s claim that gases are made of particles too small to be seen? Select the two correct answers.

• Bubbles in boiling water

• Ice cream melting in a bowl

• Snow forming in clouds

• Melted lava hardening into rock

• A kite floating in the sky

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

In science class, Marvin studies the effects of mixing substances together. Marvin and his partner measure and collect 450 mL of warm water and 50 mL of salt in a large, glass beaker. They measure the mass of each substance and record the results in the table below. Part A: Marvin and his partner measured the mass of a large, glass beaker. They mix the two substances together in the beaker. They observed a slight color change in the water and that much of the salt disappeared after mixing the two substances. Then, they measured the mixture and subtracted the mass of the beaker so they could record the mass of the substances after they mixed them together. Which estimate is the mass of the mixture?

• 450 grams

• 909.2 grams

• 454.6 grams

• 445.4 grams

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NGSS.MS-PS1-5

In science class, Marvin studies the effects of mixing substances together. Marvin and his partner measure and collect 450 mL of warm water and 50 mL of salt in a large, glass beaker. They measure the mass of each substance and record the results in the table below.
Part B: Which statement best explains Part A?

• The water was warm and made some of the salt dissolve. When salt dissolves, it loses its mass.

• Marvin and his partner mixed the water and the salt. This made the mass of both substances double.

• The water was warm and made some of the salt dissolve. Both substances lost a little mass because they were mixed together.

• Marvin and his partner combined the water and the salt. The total mass of each substance did not change even though they were mixed together.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which of the following best defines science?

• A collection of unchangeable facts about the natural world

• The study of the natural world through observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanations

• A belief system based on assumptions about the natural world

• A method for proving theories beyond doubt

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is a leap year?

• A year with 366 days

• A year with 364 days

• A year with 365 days

• A year with 367 days

Lamar is studying water quality in his science class. He learns that salt water is seeping into his neighboring town’s water supply and makes the water dangerous to drink. Lamar’s teacher challenges his class to investigate ways to identify salt water without tasting it. Part A: Lamar has one glass of pure water and one glass of salt and water. The two liquids look exactly alike. What investigation can Lamar perform, without tasting the water, to find out which glass contains the salt water?

• Lamar couldn’t do it. A chemical change has taken place.

• Lamar could evaporate the water to see which cup leaves salt behind.

• Lamar couldn’t do it. It is not possible to identify clear liquids without tasting them.

• Lamar could shine a light into the water and check for salt conductivity.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Lamar is studying water quality in his science class. He learns that salt water is seeping into his neighboring town’s water supply and makes the water dangerous to drink. Lamar’s teacher challenges his class to investigate ways to identify salt water without tasting it. Part B: What measurements can Lamar take before he conducts his investigation in Part A to provide evidence of which cup contained the salt water?

• Find the volume of both liquids to see which one took up the most space.

• Measure the temperature of each liquid to provide evidence that a chemical change had taken place.

• Measure the mass of each cup to see which one had the most matter.

• Use a photometer to observe which cup had the most salt conductivity.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Pond The Great Blue Heron is a carnivorous bird that can be found in Louisiana’s wetlands. They are expert fishers. Herons trap their prey by walking slowly or standing still for long periods of time. They wait for fish to come within range of their long necks and blade-like bills. Their diets also consist of mice, insects, and other small creatures. The Great Blue Heron depends on the living components of its ecosystem and nonliving components like sunlight and air for growth and survival. Part B: Which statement best explains the model in Part A?

• All food can eventually be traced back to plants. Plants in the pond ecosystem captured energy from the sun.

• All food can eventually be traced back to soil. The soil provides plants the energy for the pond ecosystem.

• All food can eventually be traced back to dead organisms. Dead organisms in the pond ecosystem provide plants and animals with energy.

• All food can eventually be traced back to the sun. Energy from the sun shines on the earth and is captured by plants and animals.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Dr. Hoey develops an experiment to investigate how different substances react when they are mixed with water. Before mixing the materials together, she measured the mass and temperature of the substances. During the experiment, Dr. Hoey mixes calcium and water in a glass with a plastic rod. Then, she mixes baking soda and water in a glass with a plastic rod. The results of the experiment are below. Which of the following claims can Dr. Hoey make based on her investigation?

• Solution A is a new substance because after the calcium and water mixed, the temperature increased and the color changed.

• Solution B is a new substance because after the baking soda and water mixed, the solution was cloudy and the temperature remained the same.

• Solution B is a new substance because after the baking soda and water mixed, the mass of the solution is equal to the mass of the baking soda and water before they were mixed.

• Solution A and B are new substances because each solution stayed the same when they were mixed together.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5