Biology STAAR EOC Review

8 A cellular process is shown. Which statement best describes the significance of this process?

• The process allows organisms to grow and heal.

• The process produces clones of the parent organism.

• The process copies DNA before cell division

• The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells

Answer explanation

The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells

Tags

B.6(G)

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas

Answer explanation

The genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle is differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes, which determine the inherited trait.

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B.6(A)

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

• Serine – Threonine – Tyrosine

• Serine – Serine – Tyrosine

• Serine – Threonine – Methionine

• Serine – Alanine – Methionine

Answer explanation

The correct amino acid sequence encoded in the partial DNA segment is Serine - Threonine - Tyrosine based on the mRNA codon chart.

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B.6(C)

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

• The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

• The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose.

• The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.

• The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer explanation

The property shared by all living cells is that they contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

Tags

B.6(B)

Which body system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

• Digestive system

• Circulatory system

• Respiratory system

• Nervous system

Answer explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, making it the correct choice.

What is the probability of two heterozygous parents producing an offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype?

• 50%

• 25%

• 75%

• 10%

Answer explanation

The probability of two heterozygous parents producing an offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype is 25% according to the Punnett square. This is because there is a 25% chance of the offspring inheriting two recessive alleles.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

What is the primary role of the stomata in plant leaves?

• To transport nutrients

• To release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide

• To capture light energy

• To protect the leaf from insects

Answer explanation

Stomata release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, a crucial process for plant survival.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree.

Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

• The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

• There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.

• The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.

• The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree.

Answer explanation

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase as they are less likely to be preyed upon due to their color, leading to a higher survival rate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Nucleic acids are biolomolecuses. Which of the following is the function of nucleic acids?

• Serves as the primary structural unit of biological membranes.

• Serve as energy storage.

• Store and transmits genetic information

• Serve as biological catalysts

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information, making them essential for inheritance and protein synthesis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which biomolecule is properly matched to its monomer?

• nucleic acid: amino acid

• polypeptide: 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

• lipid: nucleotide

• carbohydrate: monosaccharide

Answer explanation

The correct match is carbohydrate: monosaccharide because monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates.