Phylogenetic Trees AP Biology

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

• Saurischian dinosaurs

• Ornithischian dinosaurs

• Crocodiles

• None of these are related to birds

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence

• exactly the same DNA sequences

• no proteins in common

• completely different DNA sequence

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Each node on a cladogram represents...

• the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.

• the point at which one or more species became extinct.

• the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.

• the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following traits do the salamander and the lizard share?

• Jaws only

• Jaws and Lungs

• Claws or nails

• Jaws, Lungs, and Claws or nails

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The phylogenetic tree was constructed using derived traits of organisms A, B, C, D, and E. Based on the tree, which two organisms share the most derived traits?

• C and D because they share one common branch.

• C and D because they are closest to the end of the tree next to each other.

• A and B because they share the most branch points.

• A and B because they are the pair closest to the center.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

• crayfish

• grasshopper

• perch

• frog

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

• Raccoon

• Dog

• Giant Panda

• Sun Bear

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Cytochrome c is a protein made up of 104 amino acids. It is found in the mitochondria and aides in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. The data table represents the number of amino acid differences in cytochrome c between organisms A, B, C, and D.

The phylogenetic trees represent possible interpretations of the data in the chart.

Which phylogenetic trees represent the data accurately?

• 
• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is the best inference about biochemical relationships that could be made from this model?

• The amino acid sequences of a lancelet and a tuna are more similar than that of a tuna and a salamander. This is due to the lancelet and the tuna both residing entirely in water while the salamander can survive on land.

• The amino acid sequences of a salamander and a turtle are less similar than that of a turtle and a leopard. This is due to the turtle and the salamander both being adapted to life in water or land.

• The amino acid sequences of a lancelet and a tuna are less similar than that of a tuna and a salamander. This is due to the lancelet and the tuna splitting from a common ancestor longer ago.

• The amino acid sequences of a salamander and a turtle are more similar than that of a turtle and a leopard. This is due to the turtle and the salamander both being adapted to life in water or land.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is the common ancestor of Letters C and E?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3