Biological Resistance

One pattern that can be observed is an ________ in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This means that the number of bacteria that can survive and multiply despite the presence of antibiotics is growing.

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Which of the following is NOT a reason why antibiotics are becoming less effective?

• Overuse of antibiotics

• Failing to complete the fully prescribed course by a doctor

• Under use of antibiotics

• Use of antibiotics in farming

People are making antibiotic resistance worse by:

• taking antibiotics only when they need them

• putting antibiotics into our food and environment

• not sharing antibiotics with others

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Which of the following best describes how natural selection results in bacteria that are antibiotic resistant?

• When you take an antibiotic when you're sick, a few bacteria survive. These bacteria happen to have a random mutation that makes them resistant to the antibiotic. These bacteria survive and reproduce, eventually resulting in an antibiotic-resistant population.

• When you take an antibiotic when you're sick, the bacteria respond by mutating their DNA, making them resistant to the antibiotic. Therefore, an antibiotic-resistant population evolves.

• When you take an antibiotic when you're sick, it causes mutations in the bacteria DNA. Some of these mutations make the bacteria antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria now form a bacteria-resistant population.

• When you take an antibiotic when you're sick, it kills the bacteria, which allows a new species of bacteria to infect the body. Some of species are antibiotic resistant, thus a new population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria appears.

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The illustration below depicts what might happen to bacteria when introduced to antibiotics.

Which of the mechanisms for evolution is represented in the illustration?

• mutation

• gene flow

• genetic drift

• natural selection

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A population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can BEST be inferred from this example?

• species will adapt no matter what the environment

• environment has no effect on the survival of an organism

• Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce

• Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation

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Which of the following best describes biological resistance in bacteria?

• A) The ability of bacteria to survive and multiply in the presence of antibiotics.

• B) The ability of bacteria to produce their own antibiotics.

• C) The ability of bacteria to change their shape to avoid detection.

• D) The ability of bacteria to consume antibiotics as a food source.

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What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

• A) Overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

• B) Bacteria's natural ability to evolve.

• C) Lack of hygiene in hospitals.

• D) Genetic engineering of bacteria.

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Which of the following is an example of biological resistance in plants?

• A) Plants developing thicker leaves to prevent water loss.

• B) Plants producing toxins to deter herbivores.

• C) Plants growing taller to access more sunlight.

• D) Plants changing color to attract pollinators.

How does natural selection contribute to biological resistance?

• A) It allows only the strongest organisms to survive.

• B) It favors organisms with traits that enhance survival in specific environments.

• C) It causes random mutations that lead to resistance.

• D) It eliminates all non-resistant organisms immediately.

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