8th Unit 4 Test Review

The table below shows some of the major events in Earth’s history. Which event marks the end of Precambrian time?

• formation of Earth

• extinction of the dinosaurs

• first animals with exoskeletons appear

• largest mass extinction event in Earth’s history

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The existence of humans on Earth represents a very short amount of time on the geologic time scale. In which epoch do we currently live?

• Eocene

• Pliocene

• Holocene

• Pleistocene

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Early in the history of geology, scientists debated two different views of how geologic processes work. These two ideas became known as uniformitarianism and catastrophism. Which of the following correctly describes the early view of catastrophism?

• Geologic changes can either be sudden or gradual.

• Geologic changes can quickly change Earth's structure.

• Geologic changes only occur in sudden, devastating events.

• Geologic changes only occur because of slow, gradual processes.

Jacob has one older brother and one younger sister. He wants to explain relative dating to them using their ages as an example. Which of these statements describes their ages using relative dating?

• Their ages are 14, 12, and 9.

• They are all about the same age.

• The boys have different ages than the girl.

• Jacob is younger than his brother, but older than his sister.

Which property of fossils allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers?

• Fossils show change over time as species evolve.

• Fossils form from the remains of living organisms.

• Fossils are usually found only in sedimentary rock.

• Fossils can be analyzed to determine their exact ages.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

A team of geologists compared the rock layers found in Florida to those found in northwest Africa. They placed all of the rock layers from the two regions in order from youngest to oldest. What did the team make?

• a fossil record

• a geologic record

• a geologic column

• a topographic map

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

A geologist is studying rock near a fault. She takes core samples starting near the fault and moving away. The table below lists the rocks in each sample. Area 1 is closest to the fault, Area 3 is farthest away. Which rock layer is likely to be an igneous intrusion?

• rock layer B

• rock layer C

• rock layer D

• rock layer X

Basalt is a gray or black igneous rock. Pilar uses an absolute dating method to study a sample of basalt. Which of the following phrases represents the age of the rock in years?

• half-life of the rock

• absolute age of the rock

• radiocarbon age of the rock

• age of the index fossil in the rock

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

The diagram below shows one kind of radioactive decay that is used for dating. When a rock formed, it contained the parent isotope, uranium-238, but it did not contain the daughter isotope. How would this rock change over time?

• The amount of uranium-238 would increase, and the amount of lead-206 would decrease.

• The amount of uranium-238 would decrease, and the amount of lead-206 would increase.

• The amount of uranium-238 would stay the same, and the amount of lead-206 would increase.

• The amount of uranium-238 would decrease, and the amount of lead-206 would stay the same.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

The composition of sedimentary rock shows the source of the sediment that makes up the rock. Which of the following would provide the best evidence of how the rock formed?

• the rock’s age

• the rock’s color

• the rock’s texture

• the rock’s fossil content

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1