AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary

Polymers ...

• are large molecules made by bonding (chemically linking) a series of building blocks. The word comes from the Greek words for “many parts.”

• are a single molecule of any of a class of compounds, mostly organic that can't bond with other molecules

• are a member of the important family of polyolefin resins

• are monosaccharides containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and are therefore aldohexoses

Nucleotides...

• are a compound linked to a phosphate group. they form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

• are a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

• are colorless, odorless unreactive gases that form about 78 percent of the earth's atmosphere

• are enzymes which bring about ligation of DNA or another substance.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Pyrimidines...

• are one of two chemical compounds with a single ring that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Examples of these are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

• are composed of a six-member nitrogen-containing ring and a five-member nitrogen-containing ring joined together, their bases in DNA and RNA include adenine and guanine

• are linear sequences of amino acids within a protein and is considered the primary structure of the protein

• are a monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group

Purines...

• are one of two chemical compounds with a single ring that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Examples of these are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

• are composed of a six-member nitrogen-containing ring and a five-member nitrogen-containing ring joined together, their bases in DNA and RNA include adenine and guanine

• are linear sequences of amino acids within a protein and is considered the primary structure of the protein

• are a monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Plasmids...

• are genetic structures in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan

• are ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures

• are the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended

• are enzymes which brings about the formation of a particular polymer, especially DNA or RNA.

  "DNA polymerase"

Cytosol...

• is the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells

• catalyzes the synthesis of DNA or RNA polymers whose sequence is complementary to the original template

• the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended

• is a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A leading strand ...

• is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5' - 3' direction (opposite direction to the replication fork). DNA is added to the lagging strand in discontinuous chunks called 'okazaki fragments'

• is a dominant trait or gene that leads the production of the template strand

• is a recessive trait or gene that lags the production of the template strand

• is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3' – 5' direction (same direction as the replication fork). DNA is added to the leading strand continuously, one complementary base at a time.

A lagging strand ...

• is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5' - 3' direction (opposite direction to the replication fork). DNA is added to the lagging strand in discontinuous chunks called 'okazaki fragments'.

• is a dominant trait or gene that leads the production of the template strand

• is a recessive trait or gene that lags the production of the template strand

• is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3' – 5' direction (same direction as the replication fork). DNA is added to the leading strand continuously, one complementary base at a time.

Helicase...

• is a class of enzymes that reduce supercoiling in DNA by breaking and rejoining one or both strands of the DNA molecule

• are essential enzymes during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied

• is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules

• an enzyme that uses ATP to form bonds

Topoisomerase...

• is a class of enzymes that reduce supercoiling in DNA by breaking and rejoining one or both strands of the DNA molecule

• are essential enzymes during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied

• is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules

• an enzyme that uses ATP to form bonds