Diagnostic Part 1: Macromolecules and Cellular Processes

Which major group of macromolecules are the fastest source of energy?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

Which of the following is not a reason why enzymes are so important to living organisms?

• They decrease the activation energy of biological reactions

• They are diverse and one enzyme can encourage many different types of reactions within the metabolism

• They are easily regulated with cofactors and inhibitors

• They allow chemical reactions to take place in living organisms that normally would not occur

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the four most common elements in living things. Which statement best describes the function of these elements within an organism?

• The elements are the most stable elements found on Earth

• The elements are the result of organisms breaking down larger elements in food

• The elements make up carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

• The elements are produced by organism as they undergo cellular processes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Cellular Respiration

Living things require energy in order to survive. A large majority of the matter and energy used by organisms is in the form of a 6-carbon sugar called glucose. Glucose has 6 carbons bonded together. In order for the energy in glucose to be used by cells, the energy must be transformed into high-energy molecules such as ATP.

Students are investigating cellular respiration. They know that the chemical energy found in food is transformed into smaller, easy to use energy molecules such as ATP. They begin to create a model to understand how one molecule of glucose can make 32 molecules of ATP. Their incomplete model is shown.

​ ​ ​

• Carbon Dioxide

• 3

• Glycolysis

• 5 and 6

• Oxygen, Water

• 1

• Krebs Cycle

• 2

• Electron Transport Chain

• 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Studies of muscle cells show that they have more mitochondria than skin cells. What conclusion can be drawn from this information?

• Skin cells use more carbon dioxide than muscle cells

• Muscle cells use more carbon dioxide than skin cells

• Skin cells use more energy than muscle cells

• Muscle cells use more energy than skin cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Cellular transport helps to maintain homeostasis within a cell. The transport can be active (requiring energy) or passive (not requiring energy).

Students are investigating cellular transport. For their first investigation, the students fill a section of dialysis tubing with a starch solution. They tie off both ends to mimic the cell membrane surrounding a cell. They place the tubing inside of a beaker of water. They add an iodine solution to the water. The iodine solution will turn blue-black in the presence of starch. Their observation is shown. 

For their second investigation, the students add 10 drops of purple food coloring to a beaker of water. Their observation is shown.

-Use the drop-down menus to describe Investigation 1. Investigation 1 is an example of ​ ​ (a)   transport, where molecules move from an area of ​ (b)   concentration to an area of ​ ​ (c)   concentration.

• passive
• active
• high
• low

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Some cells, such as nerve cells, are programmed to always remain in the Gap 1 state. If nerve cells engage in mitosis, a disruption of the cell cycle has occurred. The growth of additional nerve cells can lead to

• the creation of a virus

• the development of cancer

• a change in sex

• a loss of DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4