Chapter 2 Sustaining Your World Environmental Science

What is the first step in the environmental policy process?

• guide the solution to law
• identify the problem
• get organized
• gain access to policy makers

“Energy Star,” “USDA Organic,” and “Fair Trade Certified” are all examples of

• ecosystems
  ecosystems
• ecolabelling
• non-market values
• market failure

In the U.S., laws enacted from the 1780s to the late 1800s reflected the perception that

• the amount of land and natural resources in the West was endless.
• the natural resources of the West could be used up and required legal protection.
• Americans were living amid dirtier air, dirtier water, and more waste and toxic chemicals.
• a sustainable future should be a primary goal.

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A law that prohibits dumping wastes into the ocean and punishes people who dump wastes demonstrates which approach to environmental policy?

• green tax
• command-and-control
• cap-and-trade
• subsidy

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A power company is given free land by the government to reduce the cost of providing wind-generated electricity to rural residents. This is an example of a

• command and control approach
• cap and trade system
• subsidy
• green tax

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When demand for a product is low, the producer will

• raise price and drop supply
• raise price and supply
• drop price and raise supply
• drop price and supply

Things that we appreciate for beauty, that help define our culture, or that teach us about ourselves are said to have

• market failures.
• ecolabels.
• non-market values.
• cost-benefit analysis.

What major entity of the U.S. government has the chief responsibility for overseeing environmental regulations?

• Environmental Impact Statement
• Environmental Protection Agency
• National Park Service
• Supreme Court

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Sometimes, a company that generates pollution will pay extra taxes, based on the amount of pollution it produces. These are known as

• green taxes
• command and control taxes
• subsidy taxes
• cap and trade taxes

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What statement about cap-and-trade systems is true?

• It prohibits companies from emitting any pollution.
• It consistently reduces pollution in all areas.
• It issues permits that allow companies to emit a percentage of the overall amount of a given pollutant.
• It always leads to positive environmental results.

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