What is the central dogma of biology?

DNA is the blueprint for an organism. RNA copies specific sections that need to be built and transfers that information to a ribosome which assembles proteins out of amino acids.

Proteins are made from RNA that assembles amino acids through DNA ribosomes.

RNA copies all information for an organism onto DNA which assembles ribosomes, and creates amino acids from proteins

RNA is the blueprint for an organism. It copies its information onto DNA, which takes amino acids (like lego building blocks) and assembles those acids into proteins.

Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram above. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells

Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?

two molecules, each with one original and one new strand

one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands

two molecules, each with two new strands

two molecules, each with two old strands

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells

during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells

after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only one the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.

The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.

Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.

Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.

Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus

the release of messenger RNA from DNA

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.

yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.

yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Two organisms that are closely related would have

completely different DNA sequence

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between transcription and translation?

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.

In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.

In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA

Which statement correctly describes the difference between DNA transcription and DNA replication?

DNA replication results in two copies of a double helix of DNA, while DNA transcription results in a single-stranded RNA molecule.

DNA replication results in a single-stranded RNA molecule, while DNA transcription results in two copies of a double helix of DNA.

DNA replication results in a single copy of a double helix of DNA, while DNA transcription results in two copies of a single-stranded RNA molecule.

DNA replication results in two copies of a single-stranded RNA molecule, while DNA transcription results in a single copy of a double helix of DNA.

What do all of these organisms have in common?

Organisms have all of above in common

Components that make up the genetic code

Traits that are determined by genes that are translated into proteins

Which sequence depicts the correct order of protein synthesis within a cell?

DNA → mRNA → amino acids → proteins

DNA → amino acids → mRNA → proteins

DNA → mRNA → proteins → amino acids

DNA → proteins → amino acids → mRNA

The intersection of the left, top, and right nitrogenous bases indicates which amino acid a mRNA codon represents. This is true for all organisms. This indicates that the ___.

We, as organisms, differ only in our sequence of bases

The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids making up a protein

cells that are undifferentiated

cells that come from the stem of a plant

cells that have twice the amount of DNA

How are new genes put into transgenic organisms?

a restriction enzyme is used to cut the DNA and ligase is used to secure the new gene to the DNA

ligase is used to cute the DNA and a restriction enzyme is used to secure the new gene in place

EOC DNA/RNA Review

Authored by Katie Hulse

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 136+ times

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32 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

20 sec • 1 pt

Are all mutations bad?

Yes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

cytosine

guanine

thymine

uracil

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Any change in the sequence of DNA is...

transgenic shift

Single Genotype

Monohybrid Trait

Mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Which organelle is DNA usually found in?

cell membrane

vacuole

chloroplast

nucleus

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

What is a codon?

It is a three letter section of bases that are read by ribosomes to stamp amino acids into a protein

They are the codes on the DNA (hence "code-on"

It is a type of mutation that occurs when there has been a substitution, deletion or insertion.

It is a made up word for this quiz. Nice try, Wampler.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

DNA

RNA

Ribosomes

Amino Acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

Adenine

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