AP Biology Unit 5.1

What is evolution?

• Natural selection

• The process of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population

• A change in the allele frequency of a population’s gene pool over a few generations

• Random mutations

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What kind of evidence supports evolution?

• The fossil record

• Homologous structures

• Selective breeding

• Speciation

• All of the above

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How are fossils preserved?

• Fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock over millions of years.

• Fossils are preserved in volcanic rock over millions of years.

• Fossils are preserved in eroded rock leaving behind a mould of the plant or animal.

• Fossils are preserved in wet conditions

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How do we date fossils?

• Simpler organisms are found in recent layers of rock, complex organisms are found in older layers of rock.

• Simpler organisms are found in old layers of rock, complex organisms are found in recent layers of rock.

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What are body fossils?

• Footprints

• Feeding marks

• Trails

• Dead remains of animal and plants

What are trace fossils?

• Footprints

• Feeding marks

• Trails

• Burrows

• All of the above

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

• Conditions for fossilisation wasn’t present

• Not all fossils have been found or will be found

• Fossils destroyed by geological processes

• All of the above

What is artificial selection?

• Process where favourable characteristics increase survival chance and therefore the trait is more likely to be inherited by offspring if it proves advantageous.

• Insertion of foreign DNA into desired species genome

• Selective breeding of species with desired characteristics

• Natural selection

What are homologous structures?

• Structures that appear in organisms that are similar in structure but with different purposes

• Structures that appear in organisms that are similar in structure with similar purposes

• Structures that appear in organisms with common ancestors

• Structures that appear in organisms that are not similar in structure but serve similar purposes.

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What are analogous structures?

• Structures that appear in organisms that are similar in structure but with different purposes

• Structures that appear in organisms that are similar in structure with similar purposes

• Structures that appear in organisms with common ancestors

• Structures that appear in organisms that are not similar in structure but serve similar purposes.

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