Unit 1 Part 1 Exam (Brain, Neurons, Drugs)

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head damaging the functioning of the frontal lobes. This instance provided evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in personality and behavior. Researchers have continued to study Gage's brain to better understand this link. Which research method is being used?

• correlation

• case study

• experiment

• naturalistic observation

Match each neurotransmitter or hormone with its correct description.

• Pain blocker - feel good

• Substance P

• Communicates pain signals to brain

• Melatonin

• regulation of sleep-wake cycles

• Endorphins

• reward and pleasure centers

• GABA

• calming - main inhibitor -slows brain

• Dopamine

Match each neurotransmitter or hormone with its correct description.

• regulates hunger - stop eating when full

• Ghrelin

• social bonding - potion of devotion

• Oxytocin

• hunger hormone - stimulates hunger

• Glutamate

• evens out mood and emotions - peaceful

• Serotonin

• focus, learning, and memory

• Leptin

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

• soma

• dendrite

• synapse

• axon

Which is the following is represented by the letter B?

• cell body

• nucleus

• dendrite

• axon

Which of the following is represented by letter C?

• cell body

• terminal buttons

• axon

• myelin sheath

Which is represented by the letter H?

• axon

• myelin sheath

• schwan cell

• terminal buttons

What is the insulating (fat) layer that surrounds the axon and speeds up nerve impulses?

• axon

• dendrite

• myelin sheath

• schwann cell

Which of the following best explains the relationship between heredity and environment? (nature vs nurture)

• They have no influence on each other.

• They both shape behavior and mental processes.

• Only heredity affects mental processes.

• Only environment affects behavior.

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ​ ​ (a)   , whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ​ (b)   .

• faster to take effect but shorter duration
• slower to take effect and longer lasting